- AMCAP Journal of Media and Communication Studies, Vol # 1, Issue # 1
- Spread of Religious Hatred through Digital Media in Pakistan: The Case of Tehreek-E-Labbaik Pakistan
Spread of Religious Hatred through Digital Media in Pakistan: The Case of Tehreek-E-Labbaik Pakistan
- Jazib Rehman Khan/
- February 10, 2021
Keywords
The rise of digitalisation that led to the rapid increase in the usage of social media platforms has unfortunately strengthened religious extremism in an already polarised society of Pakistan. This study aims to determine the extent to which a farright religio-political party Tehreek-e-Labbaik Pakistan (TLP) has propagated religious hatred content against both Muslim and non-Muslim communities on social media. Moreover, this study also explores the manner through which TLP has spread content based on religious bigotry on digital space. Framing theory was applied while analysing the speeches of TLP leaders’. The research methodology employed to test the hypothesis and address the research questions was quantitative questionnaire-based survey. The collected data was presented using the tools of graphical representation to make it easy for the readers to easily interpret the factual information. The findings of the online questionnaire and analysis of TLP leaders’ speeches addressed the three research questions of the study.The results show that TLP has used digital media as a tool to spread religious hatred on cyber space, since it has promoted sectarianism against Muslim communities and exploited sensitive religious issues – blasphemy and finality of Prophet Muhammad (PBUH) – against non-Muslim communities through their speeches there were later uploaded on digital media. The researcher has recommended the government authorities to initiate legal action against the leaders of TLP for instigating religious hatred under Prevention of Electronic Crimes Act, 2016.
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How to cite
Khan, J. R. (2022). Spread of Religious Hatred through Digital Media in Pakistan: The Case of Tehreek-E-Labbaik Pakistan. Journal of Media and Communication Studies, 1(1), 42–65. https://jmcs.amcap.net/website/journal/article/60218d6599264/page
Retrieved from https://jmcs.amcap.net/website/journal/article/60218d6599264/page
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[1]Khan, J.R. 2022. Spread of Religious Hatred through Digital Media in Pakistan: The Case of Tehreek-E-Labbaik Pakistan. Journal of Media and Communication Studies. 1, 1 (Apr. 2022), 42–65.
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(1)Khan, J. R. Spread of Religious Hatred through Digital Media in Pakistan: The Case of Tehreek-E-Labbaik Pakistan. Journal of Media and Communication Studies 2022, 1 (1), 42–65.
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KHAN, Jazib Rehman. Spread of Religious Hatred through Digital Media in Pakistan: The Case of Tehreek-E-Labbaik Pakistan. Journal of Media and Communication Studies, v. 1, n. 1, p. 42–65, 6 Apr.2022.
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Khan, J.R. (2022) “Spread of Religious Hatred through Digital Media in Pakistan: The Case of Tehreek-E-Labbaik Pakistan”, Journal of Media and Communication Studies, 1(1), pp. 42–65. Available at: https://jmcs.amcap.net/website/journal/article/60218d6599264/page (Accessed: 26 May 2026).
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[1]J. R. Khan, “Spread of Religious Hatred through Digital Media in Pakistan: The Case of Tehreek-E-Labbaik Pakistan”, Journal of Media and Communication Studies, vol. 1, no. 1, pp. 42–65, Apr. 2022, Accessed: May 26, 2026. [Online]. Available: https://jmcs.amcap.net/website/journal/article/60218d6599264/page
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Khan, Jazib Rehman. “Spread of Religious Hatred through Digital Media in Pakistan: The Case of Tehreek-E-Labbaik Pakistan”. Journal of Media and Communication Studies, vol. 1, no. 1, Apr. 2022, pp. 42–65, https://jmcs.amcap.net/website/journal/article/60218d6599264/page.
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Khan, Jazib Rehman. “Spread of Religious Hatred through Digital Media in Pakistan: The Case of Tehreek-E-Labbaik Pakistan”. Journal of Media and Communication Studies 1, no. 1 (April 6, 2022): 42–65. Accessed May 26, 2026. https://jmcs.amcap.net/website/journal/article/60218d6599264/page.
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1.Khan JR. Spread of Religious Hatred through Digital Media in Pakistan: The Case of Tehreek-E-Labbaik Pakistan. Journal of Media and Communication Studies [Internet]. 2022 Apr. 6 [cited 2026 May 26];1(1):42–65. Available from: https://jmcs.amcap.net/website/journal/article/60218d6599264/page
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1.Khan JR. Spread of Religious Hatred through Digital Media in Pakistan: The Case of Tehreek-E-Labbaik Pakistan. Journal of Media and Communication Studies. 2022;1(1):42–65. Accessed May 26, 2026. https://jmcs.amcap.net/website/journal/article/60218d6599264/page
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Author(s):
Jazib Rehman Khan
AuthorStudent of M.Sc. Development Journalism at Institute of Communication Studies, University of the Punjab
Pakistan
- jazibrehman.jr@gmail.com
Details:
| Type: | Article |
| Volume: | 1 |
| Issue: | 1 |
| Language: | English |
| Id: | 60218d6599264 |
| Pages | 42 - 65 |
| Published | February 10, 2021 |
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