- Journal of Media and Communication Studies, Vol # 3, Issue # 2
- Impact of Violence on the Professional Commitments of Journalists in Pakistan
Impact of Violence on the Professional Commitments of Journalists in Pakistan
- Sayra Hussain/
- Lubna Shaheen/
- Zaeem Yasin/
- July 10, 2023
Keywords
This study investigated the impact of violence on the professional commitments of Pakistani journalists and tried to find out the reasons for violence and its impact on their professional commitments in Pakistan. Pakistan has been considered one of the most dangerous countries in the World for journalists. A libertarian theory of press to support the study has been applied. The survey method is used to collect the data from journalists. Working journalists from different media groups in Lahore were considered the population. The sample size for the study is 200 journalists from Lahore. The study explores the reasons for violence against Pakistani journalists and the relationship between freedom of expression and violence. The results showed that freedom of expression is not the main reason for violence against journalists. There are several reasons for violent acts against journalists, including lack of justice, blackmailing, personal interests, pressure from other sources, etc. Results also indicated that journalists are living in fear of violence, which may compel them to self-censor, impacting their credibility with readers.
Aslam, R. (2015). PAKISTAN: Media, politics and the threats to journalists in Pakistan. Pacific Journalism Review: Te Koakoa, 21(1), 177-194.
Baker, A. (2016). The Safety of Al Jazeera English Journalists in Egypt. Global Media Journal-African Edition, 10(2), 38-91
Balguy-Gallois, A. (2004). The protection of journalists and news media personnel in armed conflict. International Review of the Red Cross, 86(853), 37-67.
Bergland, D. (1993). Libertarianism in one lesson. Orpheus Publications.
Crawford, E., & Davies, K. (2014). International Protection of Journalists in Times of Armed Conflict: The Campaign for a Press Emblem, The. Wis. Int'l LJ, 32, 1.
Estévez, D. (2010). Protecting press freedom in an environment of violence and impunity. Shared Responsibility: US-Mexico Policy Options for Confronting Organized Crime, 271-290.
Feinstein, A., Feinstein, S., Behari, M., & Pavisian, B. (2016). The psychological wellbeing of Iranian journalists: a descriptive study. JRSM open, 7(12), 2054270416675560.
Feinstein, A., Owen, J., & Blair, N. (2002). A hazardous profession: war, journalists, and psychopathology. American Journal of psychiatry, 159(9), 1570-1575.
Gohdes, A. R., & Carey, S. C. (2017). Canaries in a coal mine? What do the killings of journalists us about future repression? Journal of peace research, 54(2), 157-174.
Høiby, M. H., & Ottosen, R. (2016). Reduced Security for Journalists a Less Reporting from the Frontline. Steadman, C. Reaffirming the Protection of International Journalists.
Lumbang, E. B. The Deadliest Free Press in Asia: A Case Study of The Philippines. Lund University.http://lup.lub.lu.se/luur/download?func=downloadFile&recordOId=1433487&fileOId=1433623
Riddick, L., Thomson, G., Wilson, N., & Purdie, G. (2008). Killing the canary: the international epidemiology of the homicide of media workers. Journal of Epidemiology and community health, 62(8), 682-688.
Sambrook, R. J., Mosdell, N., & Payne, K. (2007). Killing the Messenger: Report of the Global Inquiry by the International News Safety Institute into the Protection of Journalists. Working paper. Belgium: International News Safety Institute (INSI).
Saul, B. (2008). The international protection of journalists in armed conflict and other violent situations. Australian Journal of Human Rights, 14(1), 99-140.
Smyth, D. (2013). Avoiding Bloodshed? US Journalists and Censorship in Wartime. War & Society, 32(1), 64-94.
Shaheen L., & Tarique M. (2022). Searching Peace through War: The Presentation of Pakistan Govt Talks with Therik Taliban Pakistan in National Press. Information & Media, 93, 108-123
Shaheen, L., & Tarique, M. (2022). From Peace Talks to Military Operation. Discourse, Media, and Conflict: Examining War and Resolution in the News, 278. https://doi.org/10.1017/9781009064057.014
Sultan, K. (2010). Covering the “War on Terror” challenges for journalists—the case of FATA. Journal of Media Studies, 25(1), 21-32. Sultan, K. (2010). Covering the “War on Terror” challenges for journalists—the case of FATA. Journal of Media Studies, 25(1), 21-32.
Tejeci, H. (2015). The way of influencing journalists in Kosovo
Verschingel, G. (2008). Towards better protection for journalists in armed conflicts. Jura Falconis, 45(3), 2009.
How to cite
Hussain, S., Shaheen, L., & Yasin, Z. (2023). Impact of Violence on the Professional Commitments of Journalists in Pakistan. Journal of Media and Communication Studies, 3(2), 16–32. https://jmcs.amcap.net/website/journal/article/64ac55f33ff8e/page
Retrieved from https://jmcs.amcap.net/website/journal/article/64ac55f33ff8e/page
More citation formats
- ACM SIG Proceedings
-
[1]Hussain, S. et al. 2023. Impact of Violence on the Professional Commitments of Journalists in Pakistan. Journal of Media and Communication Studies. 3, 2 (July 2023), 16–32.
- ACS Nano
-
(1)Hussain, S.; Shaheen, L.; Yasin, Z. Impact of Violence on the Professional Commitments of Journalists in Pakistan. Journal of Media and Communication Studies 2023, 3 (2), 16–32.
- ABNT
-
HUSSAIN, Sayra; SHAHEEN, Lubna; YASIN, Zaeem. Impact of Violence on the Professional Commitments of Journalists in Pakistan. Journal of Media and Communication Studies, v. 3, n. 2, p. 16–32, 10 July2023.
- Chicago (author-date)
- Harvard (Cite Them Right)
-
Hussain, S., Shaheen, L. and Yasin, Z. (2023) “Impact of Violence on the Professional Commitments of Journalists in Pakistan”, Journal of Media and Communication Studies, 3(2), pp. 16–32. Available at: https://jmcs.amcap.net/website/journal/article/64ac55f33ff8e/page (Accessed: 23 October 2026).
- IEEE
-
[1]S. Hussain, L. Shaheen, and Z. Yasin, “Impact of Violence on the Professional Commitments of Journalists in Pakistan”, Journal of Media and Communication Studies, vol. 3, no. 2, pp. 16–32, July 2023, Accessed: Oct. 23, 2026. [Online]. Available: https://jmcs.amcap.net/website/journal/article/64ac55f33ff8e/page
- MLA
-
Hussain, Sayra, et al. “Impact of Violence on the Professional Commitments of Journalists in Pakistan”. Journal of Media and Communication Studies, vols. 3, nos. 2, July 2023, pp. 16–32, https://jmcs.amcap.net/website/journal/article/64ac55f33ff8e/page.
- Turabian (full note bibliography)
-
Hussain, Sayra, Lubna Shaheen, and Zaeem Yasin. “Impact of Violence on the Professional Commitments of Journalists in Pakistan”. Journal of Media and Communication Studies 3, no. 2 (July 10, 2023): 16–32. Accessed October 23, 2026. https://jmcs.amcap.net/website/journal/article/64ac55f33ff8e/page.
- Vancouver
-
1.Hussain S, Shaheen L, Yasin Z. Impact of Violence on the Professional Commitments of Journalists in Pakistan. Journal of Media and Communication Studies [Internet]. 2023 July 10 [cited 2026 Oct. 23];3(2):16–32. Available from: https://jmcs.amcap.net/website/journal/article/64ac55f33ff8e/page
- AMA
-
1.Hussain S, Shaheen L, Yasin Z. Impact of Violence on the Professional Commitments of Journalists in Pakistan. Journal of Media and Communication Studies. 2023;3(2):16–32. Accessed October 23, 2026. https://jmcs.amcap.net/website/journal/article/64ac55f33ff8e/page
Download citation Endnote/Zotero/Mendeley (RIS) BibTeX
-
Adoption Behavior towards Advance Broadcasting Technologies: A Critical Study of PTV Sports
Ahmed Raza
-
A Sociolinguistic Analysis of Register Used in Instagram Captions by Pakistani Influencers
Zainab Kamran Mirza, Hafsa Karamat Meo, Fizzah Ajaz
-
Tolerance for Adoption of Ethically Controversial Practices: A Survey of Journalists in Sindh, Pakistan
Bashir Memon, M. Siddique Soomro
-
Female TV Journalists Defying Gendered Newsroom Culture? A Qualitative Study of Pakistani Media
Dr Rabia Noor, Noshina Nazir
-
Auteur Cinema of Pakistan: Filmmakers’ Perspective on Sociocultural Complexities of Pakistan
Dr. Mohib Rehman
-
Revisiting ‘Good’ and ‘Bad’ Feminism: Portrayal of Women Rights in Pakistani Television Entertainment
Dr. Ayesha Ashfaq
Author(s):
Sayra Hussain
AuthorLecturer, Higher Education Department Government of the Punjab.
Pakistan
Assistant Professor, Govt. MAO College, Lahore, PK
Pakistan
Associate Professor in Department of Mass Communication, LCWU, Lahore
Pakistan
Details:
| Type: | Article |
| Volume: | 3 |
| Issue: | 2 |
| Language: | English |
| Id: | 64ac55f33ff8e |
| Pages | 16 - 32 |
| Published | July 10, 2023 |
Statistics
|
|---|

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.